
Two current wars furnish the primary evidence for this exercise of scrutiny. The first is the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began with Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and which, as of this writing in early 2026, continues without operational resolution along a 1,000km front, now running longer than the duration of Eastern Front operations during the Second World War. The second is the Iranian-US/Israeli conflict that erupted in June 2025 with Operation Rising Lion and expanded into a broader regional war by early 2026. These conflicts differ enormously in geography, political character, and the correlation of forces, yet they begin to blend, and share a common underlying condition: in both, the material and technological environment of combat has again transformed the relationship between the offense and the defense, between fire and movement, and between the front and the depth, in ways that compel a re-examination of operational categories Commander Isserson established.
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